India has put a plan to open up its retail industry to foreign supermarkets on hold, a senior government source said on Sunday, an embarrassing turnaround for a beleaguered government fighting to retain the support of key allies.
The move to allow global giants such as Wal-Mart (WMT.N) into India's $450 billion retail market, the first major economic reform since Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's graft-riddled term began in 2009, has been met with fierce opposition from some who say it will destroy the livelihood of millions of small traders.
"This is a pause," the government source with knowledge of the matter told Reuters. "Do not see it as a rollback, as if the government is giving up on it. This is just a small pause."
The idea appears to give the under-fire ruling party time to gain the support of its key coalition allies.
"Parliament needs to get going again. There is so much that the government needs to do," the source added, a day after the government's biggest ally said the policy was being sidelined due to disagreement within the ruling coalition.
Any postponement or watering down of the policy would be a huge embarrassment for Singh's government, which has failed to pass any big-ticket economic reforms as it struggles with allegations of widespread graft.
Singh has lost much of his credibility as the reformer who turned India from near-bankruptcy 20 years ago to an economic wonder. Foreign investors are seen spooked by a growing sense of policy paralysis that Asia's third-largest economy can ill-afford as once-booming GDP growth begins to temper.
The government was likely to release an official statement regarding the issue on Monday, said the source, who was not permitted to speak to the media.
Allowing foreign direct investment into a retail industry dominated by small shops was trumpeted by Congress as a policy that would help ease stubbornly high inflation, improve supply-chain infrastructure, and create millions of jobs.
The main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party has led protests against the reform in parliament that have paralysed both chambers every day since the 21-day winter session opened last week.
"Just Indian Politics"
Mamata Banerjee, the firebrand leader of the Congress party's biggest ally and a opponent of the policy, said on Saturday the government had told her the plans would be put on hold until a consensus had been reached.
Her West Bengal-based Trinamool Congress brings 19 votes to Singh's coalition, which relies on allies to hold a wafer-thin majority in New Delhi.
Ruling parties in India's colourful democracy are often forced to rely on fickle allies, who can use the importance of their votes in the national parliament to negotiate concessions or support for the regions or states they represent.
"This is just Indian politics," the source said.
"Parliament is being stalled by an issue that only a few months ago everyone was in agreement with."
The controversy comes as the ruling party fights to fend off criticism that it has failed to tackle high prices and maintain high economic growth -- and as key state elections loom next year and a general election beckons in 2014.
Possible dilution of the policy could include lowering the 51 per cent foreign investment permitted under the current rules, increasing the percentage of products to be sourced locally, or the amount firms must spend on developing infrastructure.
"We have acted out of conviction and carefully thought it through," Trade Minister Anand Sharma told CNN-IBN TV channel on Sunday in an interview recorded before Banerjee's announcement.
"We will talk with our allies," he added, stressing that the policy would not be abandoned.
Singh this week rejected calls to roll back the policy amid chaotic scenes in parliament as opposition lawmakers chanted slogans and held up placards denouncing the measure as a sell-out.
The reform, as it was first presented, would allow global chains like Wal-Mart, Tesco Plc (TSCO.L) and Carrefour (CARR.PA) to own up to 51 per cent of retail ventures and allow foreign firms to fully own single-brand retail operations.
